Short answer
No, you generally cannot travel with an expired ID; airlines and border authorities require valid identification. EU/EEA/Swiss citizens can usually travel with a valid national ID card, while non-EU visitors need a valid passport (and possibly a visa). Rules can change, so confirm with your airline and the Portuguese border service (SEF/AIMA) before booking.
General information, not legal or tax advice. Rules and amounts change: confirm with official sources.