Short answer
The right of first refusal (direito de preferência) allows the municipality or the State to buy a property before it is sold to a private buyer, in certain cases such as classified buildings or land in specific zones. This can delay or block a sale. Your lawyer should check if the property is subject to this right. Confirm with the local council before signing a contract.
General information, not legal or tax advice. Rules and amounts change: confirm with official sources.
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